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Protestants are 0. This population fled or was expelled after the war , and today Protestantism is mainly represented by ethnic Lithuanians throughout the northern and western parts of the country, as well as in large urban areas. Newly arriving evangelical churches have established missions in Lithuania since Hinduism is a minority religion and a fairly recent development in Lithuania. The historical communities of Lipka Tatars maintain Islam as their religion. Lithuania was historically home to a significant Jewish community and was an important centre of Jewish scholarship and culture from the 18th century until the eve of World War II.
Of the approximately , Jews who lived in Lithuania in June , almost all were killed during the Holocaust. Romuva , the neopagan revival of the ancient religious practices , has gained popularity over the years. Romuva claims to continue living pagan traditions, which survived in folklore and customs. Laws govern long-term educational strategy along with general laws on standards for higher education, vocational training, law and science, adult education, and special education.
According to Eurostat Lithuania leads among other countries of the European Union in people with secondary education Modern Lithuanian education system has multiple structural problems.
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Insufficient funding, quality issues, and decreasing student population are the most prevalent. Lithuanian teacher salaries are the lowest in the entire EU. Many Lithuanian professors have a second job to supplement their income. As a result, the student-teacher ratio is decreasing and expenditure per student is increasing, but schools, particularly in rural areas, are forced into reorganizations and consolidations. As of [update] , there were 15 public and 6 private universities as well as 16 public and 11 private colleges in Lithuania see: List of universities in Lithuania.
Kaunas University of Technology is the largest technical university in the Baltic States and the second largest university in Lithuania. In an attempt to reduce costs [] and adapt to sharply decreasing number of high-school students, [] Lithuanian parliament decided to reduce the number of universities in Lithuania. There are about 2.
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Lithuanian is a Baltic language , closely related to Latvian , although they are not mutually intelligible. It is written in an adapted version of the Roman script. Lithuanian is believed to be the linguistically most conservative living Indo-European tongue , retaining many features of Proto Indo-European. Lehmann , Vladimir Toporov [] and others. The linguistic material which he collected was published in the 20 volumes of Academic Dictionary of Lithuanian and is still being used in research and in editing of texts and books.
There is a great deal of Lithuanian literature written in Latin , the main scholarly language of the Middle Ages. The edicts of the Lithuanian King Mindaugas is the prime example of the literature of this kind. The Letters of Gediminas are another crucial heritage of the Lithuanian Latin writings.
One of the first Lithuanian authors who wrote in Latin was Nicolaus Hussovianus around — after His poem Carmen de statura, feritate ac venatione bisontis A Song about the Appearance, Savagery and Hunting of the Bison , published in , describes the Lithuanian landscape, way of life and customs, touches on some actual political problems, and reflects the clash of paganism and Christianity. A person under the pseudonym Michalo Lituanus [ lt ] around — wrote a treatise De moribus tartarorum, lituanorum et moscorum On the Customs of Tatars, Lithuanians and Muscovites in the middle of the 16th century, but it was not published until An extraordinary figure in the cultural life of Lithuania in the 16th century was the lawyer and poet of Spanish origin Petrus Roysius Maurus Alcagnicensis around — The publicist, lawyer, and mayor of Vilnius, Augustinus Rotundus around wrote a no longer existent history of Lithuania in Latin around the year His Radivilias , intended to become the Lithuanian national epic, was published in Vilnius in Lithuanian literary works in the Lithuanian language started being first published in the 16th century.
In the 16th and 17th centuries, as in the whole Christian Europe, Lithuanian literature was primarily religious. The evolution of the old 14th—18th century Lithuanian literature ends with Kristijonas Donelaitis , one of the most prominent authors of the Age of Enlightenment.
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This movement is thought to be the very reason the Lithuanian language and literature survived until today. Several famous Lithuania-related architects are notable for their achievements in the field of architecture. Lithuania is also known for numerous castles. About twenty castles exist in Lithuania. Some castles had to be rebuilt or survive partially. Its architecture is regarded as one of the finest examples of the European Art Deco and has received the European Heritage Label. The Lithuanian Art Museum was founded in and is the largest museum of art conservation and display in Lithuania.
In two private museums were opened — MO Museum devoted to modern and contemporary Lithuanian art and Tartle , [] exhibiting a collection of Lithuanian art heritage and artefacts. The M. Lithuania has some very famous theatre directors well known in the country and abroad. He was awarded more than forty times with special prizes. After a year, similar American movies were available with the addition of special phonograph records that also provided sound. In , Romuva Cinema was opened in Kaunas and currently is the oldest still operational cinema in Lithuania.
In , 4 cinema tickets were sold in Lithuania with the average price of 5,26 euros. Lithuanian folk music belongs to Baltic music branch which is connected with neolithic corded ware culture. Lithuanian folk music is archaic, mostly used for ritual purposes, containing elements of paganism faith. There are three ancient styles of singing in Lithuania connected with ethnographical regions: monophony , heterophony and polyphony. During his short life he created about pieces of music. His works have had profound influence on modern Lithuanian culture. He has been considered one of the pioneers of abstract art in Europe.
In Lithuania, choral music is very important. The first one took place in Kaunas in Since , the festival has been organised every four years and summons roughly 30, singers and folk dancers of various professional levels and age groups from across the country. Most of those composers explored archaic Lithuanian music and its harmonic combination with modern minimalism and neoromanticism. Jazz scene was active even during the years of Soviet occupation. In the early independence years, rock band Foje was particularly popular and gathered tens of thousands of spectators to the concerts.
Lithuanian cuisine features the products suited to the cool and moist northern climate of Lithuania: barley , potatoes , rye , beets , greens, berries, and mushrooms are locally grown, and dairy products are one of its specialties. Fish dishes are very popular in the coastal region. Dairy products are an important part of traditional Lithuanian cuisine. Freshwater fish, herring, wild berries and mushrooms, honey are highly popular diet to this day. One of the oldest and most fundamental Lithuanian food products was and is rye bread.
Rye bread is eaten every day for breakfast, lunch and dinner. Bread played an important role in family rituals and agrarian ceremonies. Lithuanians and other nations that once formed part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania share many dishes and beverages.
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The most exotic of all the influences is Eastern Karaite cuisine — the kibinai are popular in Lithuania. Lithuanian noblemen usually hired French chefs, so French cuisine influence came to Lithuania in this way.
Balts were using mead midus for thousands of years. Lithuania has a long farmhouse beer tradition , first mentioned in 11th century chronicles. Beer was brewed for ancient Baltic festivities and rituals. The Constitution of Lithuania provides for freedom of speech and press , and the government generally respects these rights in practice.
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An independent press, an effective judiciary, and a functioning democratic political system combine to promote these freedoms. However, the constitutional definition of freedom of expression does not protect certain acts, such as incitement to national, racial, religious, or social hatred, violence and discrimination, or slander, and disinformation.
It is a crime to deny or "grossly trivialize" Soviet or Nazi German crimes against Lithuania or its citizens, or to deny genocide, crimes against humanity , or war crimes.
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As a result of a thousand-years history, Lithuania has two National days. First one is the Statehood Day on 6 July, marking the establishment of the medieval Kingdom of Lithuania by Mindaugas in Creation of modern Lithuanian state is commemorated on 16 February as a Lithuanian State Reestablishment Day on which declaration of independence from Russia and Germany was declared in As of , there are 13 public holidays which come with a day off.
Basketball is the most popular and national sport of Lithuania. The Lithuania national basketball team has had significant success in international basketball events, having won the EuroBasket on three occasions , and , as well a total of 8 other medals in the Eurobasket, the World Championships and the Olympic Games. Lithuania has won a total of 25 medals at the Olympic Games , including 6 gold medals in athletics , modern pentathlon , shooting , and swimming.
Numerous other Lithuanians won Olympic medals representing Soviet Union. Discus thrower Virgilijus Alekna is the most successful Olympic athlete of independent Lithuania, having won gold medals in the Sydney and Athens games, as well as a bronze in Beijing Olympics and numerous World Championship medals. Lithuania has produced prominent athletes in athletics, modern pentathlon, road and track cycling , chess , rowing , aerobatics , strongman , wrestling , boxing , mixed martial arts , Kyokushin Karate and other sports. Few Lithuanian athletes have found success in winter sports , although facilities are provided by several ice rinks and skiing slopes, including Snow Arena , the first indoor ski slope in the Baltics.
A Lithuanian ethnic sport, known since the 17th century is ritinis. Lithuanians annually participate in the Dakar Rally. The following are links to international rankings of Lithuania from selected research institutes and foundations including economic output and various composite indexes.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Redirected from Litauen. This is the latest accepted revision , reviewed on 18 April Country in Europe. This article is about the Republic of Lithuania.
For other uses, see Lithuania disambiguation. Lietuvos Respublika Lithuanian.